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[Music]

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[Applause]

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thank you everyone for stayin at the

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last stock and as Michelle said I'm

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going to talk about the policy quick

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aromatic hydrocarbons and the meaner

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interaction so what is catalysis

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catalysis is the process of lowering the

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warrior of a chemical reaction by adding

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something called catalyst this catalyst

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brings together two elements in such a

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way that they can the reaction is

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maximized on the surface of the catalyst

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this has been suggested before that is

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happening in the space by golden

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Saboteur in 1963 where they talk about

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the formation of molecular molecular

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hydrogen on the surface of dust

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particles so this is important because

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it suggests that in the absence of any

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energy source you can produce more

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complex or bigger molecules and our

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approach is in the laboratory so what we

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did was purchase the her explode

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temperature reaction chamber this setup

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is used for pharmaceutical purposes but

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we modified it so we can use it for

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Astrophysics and currently we can call

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pressure of 10 to the minus 7 for those

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who work with hydrogen setups you know

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that is not that good but bear with me

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and we can control the temperature

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inside our chamber and also we can

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irradiate our samples so here is where

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we mix our powder samples and is where

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we can study in situ using infrared here

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this is a this is a thermocouple where

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we can study the temperature variations

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inside the chamber we have some gas

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inlets where we pump the chamber we have

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a deal where we can deposit liquid

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nitrogen we could cool down our sample

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though this is the dome that we use to

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seal up our mini chamber and those ports

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are for infrared and this one is for

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ultraviolet and we have modified this

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dome so we can deposit some gases

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directly on top of the sample and this

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is where we attach our ultra violet lamp

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so our goal is to work as realistic as

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possible and for that we want to study

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some composition of meteorites or cosmic

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dust but as you may know there is no

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such thing as just one material

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composition is a full range of different

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elements and for because of that it

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makes this story really difficult so we

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start with the simple things we will

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start with titanium dioxide alumina

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oxide and we are building our set up to

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more complex things like olive enzyme

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pyroxenes so our this subject of a study

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is PAHs mostly because they are tough

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they can survive space like conditions

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so and it's the same we want to build

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ourselves up to more complex things so

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we first start with simple molecules

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like anthracene then some quarantine and

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or like IBA so we have done some

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experiments with quarantine and Italian

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dioxide so we treat the titanium dioxide

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for possible contaminations then we mix

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it up with quarantine we put inside our

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chamber seal it pump it and wait for a

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day to have a good vacuum but what we

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found out first this is the spectrum of

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quarantine with caviar caviar is an

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infrared transparent compound so you can

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see the nice inspectors of quarantine

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and as when you mix it with titanium

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dioxide

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you see this huge absorption of the

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titanium dioxide so we let our sample to

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rest for one day inside the chamber what

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we found was that something was going on

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this is the difference spectrum of Conan

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and titanium dioxide which means that

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the deposition was obstructed from one

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hour two hours three hours and so on so

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what we are looking at here is someone's

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growing and these bands are aliphatics

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these bands are the a symmetric ch2 and

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asymmetric ch2 so what is going on we're

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having hydrogenation of the PAHs and

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something that I didn't say is this is

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this was made at room temperature vacuum

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conditions no radiation and no

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temperature apply so it's by itself so

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but what is going on if you have a

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vacuum

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how original in these PAHs so as I told

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you the vacuum is not the best and

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people who can work with a high bagging

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setup they know that from atmospheric

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pressure to 10 to minus 3 so you are

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pumping out the earth from your chamber

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and from the 23-3 to 22 in mother's

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night you are in the drying region where

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the pressure inside the chamber is

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driven by the water inside the chamber

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and this water is stick to the walls of

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the chamber so we have water inside and

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this water is reaching the titanium

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dioxide value dioxide is extremely good

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a catalyzing stuff so what happened in

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the surface of this tank dioxide is that

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this water is breaking into hydrogen and

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a wish so at the end you have a pool of

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hydrogen that can react with your sample

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and this is well this is what we have at

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the end herination of colony so but

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we wanted to make sure that that was the

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what we were seeing it was education and

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not some contamination so using our high

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back in setup we deposit hydrogenated

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quarantine as a thin film we had these

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spectrums here where you can see that

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the position of the hydrogenated bands

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are pretty much the same the band shape

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is pretty much similar but when you

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compare team films with powders you see

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that the bands are not the same and they

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actually have achieved so what is going

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on is what we are seeing is actually

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hydrogenation or this contamination what

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we think is going on we may use of the

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NASA Ames PI data base is that these are

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the aliphatic bands for hydrogenated

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colony so if you had Renee quarantine in

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one side but with different

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configurations you have different bands

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with different positions and different

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profiles the same if you had resonate

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current in the opposite size with

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different configuration and actually

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this one gives you just the symmetric

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ch2 so in conclusion yes we are having

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hydrogenation and is different from the

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one that we had in the high back in

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setup we have done also some experiments

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with anthracene and alumina oxide

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because we wanted to to be sure that

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everything that was happening was on the

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we mix some anthracene with alumina

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oxide but this alumina oxide we mix it

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with d 2o for a day then the next day we

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dry up the alumina oxide but of course

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you still have some DTO molecules

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attached to the aluminum oxide after do

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you dry it up and if we assume in this

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region this in red is the spectrum of

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the derivative anthracene in aluminum

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oxide fully literature Anderson and this

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one is the spectrum of regular

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anthracene in aluminum oxide and here

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you can see the aromatic for regular

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antigen and this is the aromatic region

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for the fully decorated addressing what

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we had is this is the spectrum of

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regular anthracene

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on aluminum oxide with d2o and this is

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the spectrum of undressing fully rated

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anthracene in aluminum oxide and if you

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wait a day with this experiment of

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deuterated anthracene you find out that

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under battle conditions anthracene

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sublimates so you end up with a ratio

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like this here and if we compare that

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one to the anthracene on alumina oxide

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treated with e - oh you find that we

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have this bands perfectly match here so

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what we are having is da change of

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hydrogen and deuterium in the PHS so as

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some conclusions in the absence of an

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energy source

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no UV no temperature we're having

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hydrogenation and we are having

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deuterium hydrogen exchange so what is

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going on if we put some you either or we

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call our sample or we heat it up that's

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coming up so we want to thank NASA and

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the in Aiken seven for the funding of

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[Applause]

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we have time for questions maybe two or

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yes when you enter the range of ten to

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minus 3 10 10 to the minus 9

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use your under vacuum conditions but is

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not a perfect vacuum so so what what it

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means is that you have removed most of

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the air that it was inside but some

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water was is still stick to the surface

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of the chamber and that means the dug

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water is affecting well not affecting

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you try to remove that water so if you

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go lower than 10 to the minus 9 you

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enter the hydrogen regime where

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molecular hydrogen is the one driven the

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driving the pressure inside so is no

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more water but it will be hurting so you

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are trying to remove hydrogen below 10

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to minus 9 and you have a question all